TrueCrypt

TrueCrypt is a powerful yet free Open-Source disk encryption Software. I am quite satisfied with the software that I decided to introduce it here in my blog, may all future releases remain free to use!

With TrueCrypt you can maintain an on-the-fly-encrypted volume (data storage device). On their website they explain ‘On-the-fly encryption’ as an automatic continuing encryption process to data right before it is saved and decrypted right after it is loaded. In simple words, you will end up having an encrypted volume to secure all your sensitive data inside. This volume can be mounted and accesses like any regular folder in your system each time you provide the right password and then dismounted to prevent access.

What I personally think makes this software special is the ease of using encrypted files right from the secured volume to the computer’s RAM. As such, if you have a video file, you will not wait until it is fully decrypted to play it, instead the stream will be decrypted right into the RAM while playing, the performance and speed is quite similar to playing any regular video file you have on your system. Brilliant, isn’t it?

Similarly, files can be copied to and from a mounted TrueCrypt volume just like they are copied to/from any normal disk (drag-and-drop). Files are automatically being decrypted on the fly (in memory/RAM) while they are being read or copied from an encrypted TrueCrypt volume.

TrueCrypt ‘never saves any decrypted data to a disk – it only stores them temporarily in RAM (memory)’. In addition, it supports ‘hidden volumes’, which means that you may easily hide an encrypted volume inside an another encrypted volume without showing any evidence of its existence to other users of the system. This is a very important feature in case someone forces you to decrypt your sensitive data. (check TrueCrypt documentation for more information about hidden volumes).

To install and use in Linux, download the appropriate package from their website: www.truecrypt.org.

Since windows installation is wizard-based, I will leave that and cover the Linux installation procedure. First, download the Console-only version, in my case the file is called: truecrypt-7.1-linux-console-x86.tar.gz and was downloaded from the internet to: /home/haider/Downloads. Lets move it to the /usr/local/bin directory

mv /home/haider/Downloads/truecrypt-7.1-linux-console-x86.tar.gz /usr/local/bin

Then navigate to where it was moved and extract the file

cd /usr/local/bin
tar xfzv truecrypt-7.1-linux-console-x86.tar.gz

This should produce the bin file to be excuted: truecrypt-7.1-setup-console-x86. Good! lets now delete the archive file since we do not need it any more.

rm truecrypt-7.1-linux-console-x86.tar.gz

Now, change the file’s permissions to 755

chmod 755 truecrypt-7.1-setup-console-x86

Install using the following command and accept the terms of use (select option 1 to install)

./truecrypt-7.1-setup-console-x86

After a successful installation, you may display all the software’s arguments and options with

truecrypt -help

Further, lets create an encrypted volume. To do that use truecrypt -c.

truecrypt -c

Check out the following example from my Linux box:

Volume type:
 1) Normal
 2) Hidden
Select [1]: 1
 
Enter volume path: /root/my-crypt
 
Enter volume size (sizeK/size[M]/sizeG): 500m
 
Encryption algorithm:
 1) AES
 2) Serpent
 3) Twofish
 4) AES-Twofish
 5) AES-Twofish-Serpent
 6) Serpent-AES
 7) Serpent-Twofish-AES
 8) Twofish-Serpent
Select [1]: 1
 
Hash algorithm:
 1) RIPEMD-160
 2) SHA-512
 3) Whirlpool
Select [1]: 2
 
Filesystem:
 1) None
 2) FAT
 3) Linux Ext2
 4) Linux Ext3
 5) Linux Ext4
Select [2]: 5
 
Enter password: 
WARNING: Short passwords are easy to crack using brute force techniques!
 
We recommend choosing a password consisting of more than 20 characters. Are you sure you want to use a short password? (y=Yes/n=No) [No]: y
 
Re-enter password: 
 
Enter keyfile path [none]: 
 
Please type at least 320 randomly chosen characters and then press Enter:
Characters remaining: 259
Characters remaining: 190
 
 
Done: 100.000%  Speed:  7.0 MB/s  Left: 0 s          
 
The TrueCrypt volume has been successfully created.

From above, the volume’s path is: /root/my-crypt
Let mount it to a directory called encrypted-volume to start encrypting files.

mkdir /home/haider/encrypted-volume

Now lets mount them.

truecrypt /root/my-crypt /home/haider/encrypted-volume/

This will open a gate to the encrypted volume, as such we must provide the correct password:

Enter password for /root/my-crypt: 
Enter keyfile [none]: 
Protect hidden volume (if any)? (y=Yes/n=No) [No]: n

From this point, to encrypt files just move them to the encrypted-volume directory. Once finished, demount the two to protect your files:

truecrypt -d

In the future, if you require access to your encrypted files, or if you want to encrypt more files in that volume. Mount it again. That’s all!

To start this trial, install OpenSSH server and client to Ubuntu using:
P.S. make sure you login as root when required.

apt-get install openssh-client
apt-get install openssh-server

To install them in CentOS use yum instead of apt-get:

yum install openssh-client
yum install openssh-server

After installation, lets refresh the service. In Ubuntu this is done using:

/etc/init.d/ssh restart

or

service ssh restart

While in CentOS the service is called sshd, so we use:

After installation, lets refresh the service. In Ubuntu this is done using:

/etc/init.d/sshd restart

or

service sshd restart

This should enable you now to connect to each system from the other one remotely. For instance, if the IP of CentOS system is 192.168.1.5 we may access it from Ubuntu using:

ssh 192.168.1.5

or if you want to login with a specific username such as ‘haider’, use:

ssh haider@192.168.1.5

For security reasons, you might wish to change the listening port number of the SSH service (the server, in our case is CentOS). This and other configurations are made inside the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file. However, before doing any changes it is a good practise to take a backup:

cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.original

Now edit the file using your favourite editor (vi, nano etc) and change the port from 22 to 2222 (or any other unused port). Once done restart the service again (the relevant command was mentioned above) to activate the new settings and use the following command to check the status of your new port:

netstat -punat | egrep "2222"

To use the public key authentication, I used the following command to generate a private and a public key with RSA encryption in my Ubuntu

ssh-keygen

The Terminal will prompt you for a name for your keys, just press enter and the name will be id_rsa by default. These, once generated, are automatically stored in the directory you are in. As such I advice you to run it from the /root/.ssh directory to save it there. Running the command will produce two files: id_rsa (this is the private key and should remain safe in your machine) & id_rsa.pub (which is the public key).

To allow ssh access using these keys the content of the public key must be copied to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file on the server’s machine (CentOS). Since our ssh worked with password authentication, lets use scp (secure copy) to achieve this:

scp /etc/ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.1.5:~/.ssh/

Now, on CentOS copy the content of the public key into the authorized_keys file (you may create this file if it doesn’t exist).

cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

Then, lets allow public key authentication inside CentOS ssh configuration file. Simply make sure the following lines are not commented-out:

PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys

Restart ssh service again on the server (CentOS).

Thats all! I can now connect to my CentOS system from Ubuntu without being prompt for a password. In fact I may disable password-based authentication.

These numbers take the following pattern:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 …
The series is formed by adding two numbers in the series to generate the third.

The Rabbit Puzzle that Fibonacci investigated in the year 1202 is a great example to introduce you to the significance of the Fibonacci number series.

Fibonacci’s Rabbits Puzzle was about calculating the number of rabbits if they mate and breed in ideal circumstances. As such, the question was: ‘How many pairs of rabbits will be produced in a year, beginning with a single pair, if in every month each pair bears a new pair which becomes productive from the second month on?’

To investigate the matter, the following was assumed:

• Begin with a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male, one female. Rabbits can mate at the age of one month so that at the end of its second month a female can produce another pair of rabbits.
• The rabbits never die.
• The female produces one male and one female every month.

The following Java code produces numbers following Fibonacci pattern. Feel free to edit the value of ‘stopAt’ to extend the number of numbers being produced by the code. Have fun!

public class FibonacciSeries
{
 
    public static void fibCode()
    {
 
       int n1 = 0;
       int n2 = 1;
       int n3;
	   int stopAt = 12;
 
     System.out.println(n1);
     System.out.println(n2);
 
     for(int i=0;i<stopAt;i++)
        {
         n3 = n1+n2;
         System.out.println(n3);
         n1 = n2;
         n2 = n3;
        }
    }
 
 
    public static void main(String [] args)
    {
        fibCode(); 
    }
}

EXEC sessions are separated into a basic user EXEC level and a privileged EXEC level to run configuration and other critical commands.

Critical Cisco Router configuration commands
‘————’ is used to prefix comments in this small tutorial

Router>enable ———— enable is used to change into privileged level
Password: —————— if passwords is enabled
Router# ———————- # means we are in privileged level
Router#disable ———– switch to user EXEC level
Router>

Router>ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ———— ping is supported

The show command is used to troubleshoot your Cisco router

Router#show ?—————————— display arguments
Router#show interfaces
Router#show ip protocols
Router#show ipv6 protocols
Router#show ip route
Router#show ipv6 route
Router#show ip arp
Router#show ipv6 neighbors
Router#show running-config———— display running-configuration
Router#show startup-config———— display startup-configuration stored in NVRAM

P.S. typing ‘?’ after a word directly (no space in between) such as ‘co?’ shows all command wards starting with co

The configuration mode

Router#config———————————————————– start config
Router(config)#——————————————————— inside config mode
Router(config)#hostname MyRouter—————————- change router name to MyRouter
MyRouter(config)#
MyRouter(config)#enable secret [password]—————– set password for privileged level
MyRouter(config)# no enable secret—————————- remove password

Within config mode there are three levels. These are: interface, router and line.

Interface level example

MyRouter(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
MyRouter(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
MyRouter(config-if)#ipv6 address fe80::230:1bff:fe80:b8ea/64
MyRouter(config-if)#ipv6 enable
MyRouter(config-if)#no shutdown—————— to activate interface
MyRouter(config-if)#ctrl-z—————————– ctrl-z is used to save&exit

Routing engine level example

MyRouter(config)# router rip —————– to configure RIP (Routing Information Protocol) routing engine
MyRouter(config-router)# network 192.168.4.0———— adds network 192.168.4.0 to RIP engine
MyRouter(config-router)# network 192.168.5.0———— adds network 192.168.5.0 to RIP engine
MyRouter(config-router)# exit————————————- exits back to global configuration level

MyRouter(config)#ip name-server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx———– To specify the address of one or more name servers
MyRouter(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.2.2.3———— configures a static IP route (global)

Line level (CTY, VTY, AUX, TTY/ASYNC) example

‘Lines’ on Cisco routers are physical or visual serial ports. For instance, the console (CTY) port is used to connect your computer to the router using a cable through a serial interface. This port require protection as such we should set a password for future connection attempts.

MyRouter(config)#line con 0
MyRouter(config-line)#password [password]————- set a PW for the console line
MyRouter(config-line)#login————————————– activate login/password requirement
MyRouter(config-line)#exit

VTY ports are visual ports. As such, they are used for remote access using Telnet or SSH.
The following examples demonstrate how to configure VTY ports in a Sisco router

MyRouter(config)#line vty 0 4———————————— typically there are 5 ports
MyRouter(config-line)#password [password]————- set a PW for the Virtual Terminal Line
MyRouter(config-line)#login————————————– activate login/password requirement
MyRouter(config-line)#exit

note, you may add ‘?’ to learn last line number as in the following example

MyRouter(config)#line vty 0 ?
<1-4> Last Line Number
MyRouter(config)#

An AUX port acts as a secondary console port.
TTY/ASYNC exist only if the router has an ASYNC card.

Finally, make sure your new configurations will be perminant with the following command

MyRouter# copy running-config startup-config ———— or ‘write memory’ for old IOS prior to 11.x

References:

[1] Configure lines and VTYs on Cisco routers.

http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/networking/configure-lines-and-vtys-on-cisco-routers/409

[2] Cisco IOS Command Line Interface Tutorial. http://www.cisco.com/warp/cpropub/45/tutorial.htm

As such I started a new WPF project, dragged a Grid control from the Toolbox and decided to set my WindowStyle property to None, AllowTransparency to True and finally ResizeMode to NoResize. These steps would generate the following XAML code in VS:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" ResizeMode="NoResize" AllowsTransparency="True" Opacity="1" WindowStyle="None">
    <Grid>
        <Grid Height="311" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Name="grid1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="503" />
    </Grid>
</Window>

Running this code will generate a white empty grid. Although we can now add any type of control, our layout can not be resized!

It seems that there are currently no built-in methods in VS to accomplish this task. However, a suitable solution has been posted online. This code must be repeated for every window. I decided to develop the necessary piece of codes into a separate C# class to provide a reusable, easy-to-use methods to resize WPF transparent windows. In the following few steps I will explain how easily it is now to let your transparent windows resized on all corners and sides.

1. From the Toolbox, use the Rectangle control to draw 4 borders and 4 corners around your Grid similar to Figure 1. For the code to work you must give these rectangles the following names appropriately: top, left, right, bottom, topLeft, topRight, bottomLeft and finally bottomRight. If you dont use these names, the code will not work!

   In addition, set the HorizontalAlignment, VerticalAlignment, Width and Height for each of the rectangles. Make sure you set them to Stretch and Auto when appropriate. For instance, the top rectangle will have HorizontalAlignment set to Stretch, VerticalAlignment set to Top, Width to Auto and Height to a suitable number such as 15.

   

   Figure 1

2. In your ‘Solution Explorer’ right-click your project’s name (in my example it is WpfApplication1) to add a new C# file. Make sure you call it: WindowResizer.cs and replace its content with the following code:
   

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171

   using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Data; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Imaging; using System.Windows.Shapes; using System.Windows.Interop; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Diagnostics;     class WindowResizer { private const int WM_SYSCOMMAND = 0x112; private HwndSource hwndSource; Window activeWin;   public WindowResizer(Window activeW) { activeWin = activeW as Window;   activeWin.SourceInitialized += new EventHandler(InitializeWindowSource); }     public void resetCursor() { if (Mouse.LeftButton != MouseButtonState.Pressed) { activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.Arrow; } }   public void dragWindow() { activeWin.DragMove(); }   private void InitializeWindowSource(object sender, EventArgs e) { hwndSource = PresentationSource.FromVisual((Visual)sender) as HwndSource; hwndSource.AddHook(new HwndSourceHook(WndProc)); }   IntPtr retInt = IntPtr.Zero;   private IntPtr WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, int msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, ref bool handled) { Debug.WriteLine("WndProc messages: " + msg.ToString()); // // Check incoming window system messages // if (msg == WM_SYSCOMMAND) { Debug.WriteLine("WndProc messages: " + msg.ToString()); }   return IntPtr.Zero; }       public enum ResizeDirection { Left = 1, Right = 2, Top = 3, TopLeft = 4, TopRight = 5, Bottom = 6, BottomLeft = 7, BottomRight = 8, }   [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] private static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, uint Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);     private void ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection direction) { SendMessage(hwndSource.Handle, WM_SYSCOMMAND, (IntPtr)(61440 + direction), IntPtr.Zero); }     public void resizeWindow(object sender) { Rectangle clickedRectangle = sender as Rectangle;   switch (clickedRectangle.Name) { case "top": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.Top); break; case "bottom": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.Bottom); break; case "left": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeWE; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.Left); break; case "right": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeWE; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.Right); break; case "topLeft": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNWSE; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.TopLeft); break; case "topRight": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNESW; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.TopRight); break; case "bottomLeft": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNESW; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.BottomLeft); break; case "bottomRight": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNWSE; ResizeWindow(ResizeDirection.BottomRight); break; default: break; } }     public void displayResizeCursor(object sender) {   Rectangle clickedRectangle = sender as Rectangle;   switch (clickedRectangle.Name) { case "top": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS; break; case "bottom": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNS; break; case "left": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeWE; break; case "right": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeWE; break; case "topLeft": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNWSE; break; case "topRight": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNESW; break; case "bottomLeft": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNESW; break; case "bottomRight": activeWin.Cursor = Cursors.SizeNWSE; break; default: break; } }   }

3. Now that we added the WindowResizer class, we can make use of its methods to resize our window. View the code of your window class where you want to support resizing and do the following:
   • Initiate an object before the constructor: WindowResizer ob;
   • Add the following line inside the constructor: ob = new WindowResizer(this);
   • Then add the following methods (read the comment inside for further instructions):
     

     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

     // for each rectangle, assign the following method to its MouseEnter event. private void DisplayResizeCursor(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { ob.displayResizeCursor(sender); } // for each rectangle, assign the following method to its MouseLeave event. private void ResetCursor(object sender, MouseEventArgs e) { ob.resetCursor(); } // for each rectangle, assign the following method to its PreviewMouseDown event. private void Resize(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { ob.resizeWindow(sender); } // finally, you may use the following method to enable dragging! private void Drag(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e) { ob.dragWindow(); }

4. Click run to test your code, if everything has been done correctly you can now make the 8 rectangles transparent to have a neat look for your window. Of course you may reuse these methods for as many windows as you have as part of your project.
   

5. Finally, a working example (WPF Project) of the above steps can be downloaded from here!
   
   GOOD LUCK

First Fit Algorithm

First Fit algorithm is used to allocate jobs in the memory in arbitrary order. I will only explain it briefly assuming you wouldn’t be interested in the code unless you know what this algorithm is all about. It works by placing each job in the first memory block that can accommodate it (memory block is equal to or larger than job size).

The job is sent to a waiting queue if it is larger than all available blocks!
The following code is a Java implementation of the algorithm which I developed supported by few comments.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108

/**
 * Implementation of a First Fit Alogrithm. A number of jobs are processed
 * if they are smaller or equal to the memory blocks. If the job is biger 
 * then it is sent to a waiting queue!
 * 
 * Author: Haider M. al-Khateeb 
 * Last Changed: 26/02/2011
 */
 
public class FirstFitAlgorithm
{
 
    double [] jobSize;
    double [] memorySize;
 
    // the number of memory blocks
    int blocks;
 
    // the number of jobs
    int jobs;
 
    int theCounter;
    int jobIndex;
    int jobInQueue;
 
public void setJobs(double job1, double job2, double job3, double job4, double job5)
{
    jobSize = new double[5];
     // jobs
    jobSize[0] = job1;  // job 1
    jobSize[1] = job2;  // job 2
    jobSize[2] = job3;  // job 3
    jobSize[3] = job4;  // job 4
    jobSize[4] = job5;  // job 5
    jobs = jobSize.length;
}
 
public void setMemory(double memory1, double memory2, double memory3, double memory4, double memory5)
{
     memorySize = new double[5];
    //available memory blocks
    memorySize[0] = memory1;  // memory block 1
    memorySize[1] = memory2;  // memory block 2
    memorySize[2] = memory3;  // memory block 3
    memorySize[3] = memory4;  // memory block 4
    memorySize[4] = memory5;  // memory block 5
    blocks = memorySize.length;
}
 
public void firstFit(int countr, int jobIndex)
{
 
   theCounter = countr;
   jobIndex = jobIndex;
 
do {
            if (jobSize[jobIndex] > memorySize[theCounter-1])
        {  
            theCounter += 1;
        }
        else
        { 
        System.out.println("----------------------------------");
        System.out.println("Job " + (jobIndex+1) + " of size "  + jobSize[jobIndex] + " has been loaded into memory block:" + theCounter);
        memorySize[theCounter-1] = (memorySize[theCounter-1]-jobSize[jobIndex]);
        System.out.println("The size of memory block " + theCounter + " is now " + memorySize[theCounter-1]);
        theCounter = 1;
        jobIndex += 1;
        }
 
  }   while (theCounter <= blocks && jobIndex < jobs);
 
  System.out.println("----------------------------------");
  jobInQueue = jobIndex;
  if (jobInQueue < jobs) {
  System.out.println("Job " + (jobInQueue+1) + " of size " + jobSize[jobInQueue] + " is sent to waiting queue!");
 
}
 
}
 
public void showData() {
System.out.println("==========================================================================");
System.out.println("Available memory blocks are: (" + memorySize[0] + "), (" + memorySize[1] + "),(" + memorySize[2] + "), (" + memorySize[3] + "), (" + memorySize[4] + ")");
System.out.println("And jobs to allocate are: (" + jobSize[0] + "), (" + jobSize[1] + "),(" + jobSize[2] + "), (" + jobSize[3] + "), (" + jobSize[4] + ")");
System.out.println("==========================================================================");
System.out.println("START");
System.out.println("===========================");
}
 
public static void main(String [] args)
 
{
 
  FirstFitAlgorithm ob = new FirstFitAlgorithm();
  ob.setJobs(64,80,10,5,18); // set new jobs, change these values if you want
  ob.setMemory(10,70,20,20,35); // ser memory blocks, change these values if you want
  ob.showData(); // display detail of available memory blocks and jobs to allocate 
  ob.firstFit(1,0);
 
  if (ob.jobInQueue < ob.jobs) {
      ob.firstFit(1,(ob.jobInQueue+1));
    }
 
  }
 
 
}

]]> http://blog.creativeitp.com/posts-and-articles/java/first-fit-algorithm-in-java/feed/ 0 http://blog.creativeitp.com/reference-library/google-announces-iraq-domain-google-iq/ http://blog.creativeitp.com/reference-library/google-announces-iraq-domain-google-iq/#comments Fri, 01 Apr 2011 18:16:58 +0000 Haider al-Khateeb http://blog.creativeitp.com/?p=491 Two new Google domains: Iraq and Tunisia

3/31/2011 12:05:00 PM

We offer search on different regional domains, such as google.fr for France and google.dj for Djibouti, in order to provide the most locally-relevant results. We’ve steadily brought Google to many of the world’s domains, and today we announced on our Google Arabia Blog that we’re adding two more: google.iq for Iraq and google.tn for Tunisia. This brings the number of local Google search domains worldwide to 184, with 15 domains in Arab countries.

The new domains will help people in Iraq and Tunisia find locally relevant information, faster. For example, a search for [central bank] on the Iraq domain yields results relevant to someone in Iraq, such as the Central Bank of Iraq. On the other hand, the same search on the Tunisia domain returns slightly different results.

The new domains also make it easier for people in Iraq and Tunisia to access search in their preferred languages. In Iraq, people can now easily access Google search in local languages like Arabic and Kurdish; while in Tunisia, people can find the Google interface in Arabic and French. In the past, people in these regions would need to visit the domain for another country to use Google in an interface they were comfortable with. And when they did, the results would be relevant to a different region.

Local domains are a first step towards making the web more accessible and relevant for people around the world. They’re also an integral part of our vision to make all of our products available in the world’s top 40 most spoken languages covering 99 percent of Internet users worldwide. We plan to add more domains in the coming months, so stay tuned!

Posted by AbdelKarim Mardini, Product Manager, Middle East & North Africa

Ref. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/03/two-new-google-domains-iraq-and-tunisia.html

To create an executable a jar file there should be a main class (a class with a main method) inside the jar to run the software. An applet has no main method since it is usually designed to work inside a web browser. To make the jar file executable I had to do two things:

• One

I created a new class inside the jar file as a main class which I called StartClass. The job of this class is to call and host the applet; hence if the jar file is executed, the applet method is invoked. Check out the following code that I used supported by few comments to explain what it does.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

package CaesarCodePackage;
 
public class StartClass {
 
     public static void main(String [] args)
      {
         // create an object of type CaesarCode which is the main applet class
         CaesarCode theApplet = new CaesarCode();
         theApplet.init();   // invoke the applet's init() method
         theApplet.start();  // starts the applet
 
         // Create a window (JFrame) and make applet the content pane.
          javax.swing.JFrame window = new javax.swing.JFrame("Caesar's Cipher");
          window.setContentPane(theApplet);
          window.setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          window.pack();              // Arrange the components.
          window.setVisible(true);    // Make the window visible.
        }
 
}

• Two

I had to edit the MANIFEST.MF file and add the following line to define my main class correctly

Main-Class: CaesarCodePackage.StartClass

please note that ‘CaesarCodePackage’ is my package’s name and ‘StartClass’ is the name of my main class (the one with the main method that I used to call the applet). If this step is not performed correctly the following error is more likely to occur if you try to execute the jar file:

Failed to load Main-Class manifest attribute …

A final note would be that, to successfully execute jar files on your system, you need to have JRE installed and the Jar files must be associated with javax.exe (javax.exe is located inside the bin directory of your JRE folder e.g. C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin)

• To encrypt, select the encode mode, number of shifts and click Run.

• You may encode a message multiple times.

• To Decrypt, select the decode mode and reverse your steps.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: please note that I did not sign this applet so you may not be able to copy/paste text between the applet and your computer. To read more about this issue I posted another blog called: Creating an executable jar file for an applet.
If you like this piece of software, download the applet to your computer from here (executable jar file). Running the software on your system will solve the copy/paste problem. To successfully execute jar files on your system, you -of course- need to have the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed. If you still can not run the jar file, use the ‘Open with’ option and select javax.exe (javax.exe is located inside the bin directory of your JRE folder e.g. C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin).

Further, here is the source code I developed for this applet for you to check and compile if you are interested.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346

/*
 * CaesarCode.java
 *
 * By Haider al-Khateeb (http://blog.creativeitp.com)
 * Created on Mar 14, 2011.
 */
 
package CaesarCodePackage;
 
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
 
public class CaesarCode extends javax.swing.JApplet {
 
    private String inputText;
	private char [] inputTextChr;
	private int [] inputTextInt;
	private char [] outputTextChr;
	private String intArray = "";
	private String cipher = "";
	private String plain = "";
 
	public static String newLine = System.getProperty("line.separator");
 
             public void inputText(String inputText)
	{
		this.inputText = inputText;
	}
 
	public String getinputText()
	{
		return inputText;
	}
 
	public void convertToChar()
        {
		inputTextChr = inputText.toCharArray();
	}
 
	public void convertCharToInt()
        {
		inputTextInt = new int[inputTextChr.length];
		for (int i=0;i<inputTextChr.length;i++)
                    {
			int inputTextInt2 = (int) inputTextChr[i];
			inputTextInt[i] = inputTextInt2;
                    }
	}
 
 
	public String getIntArray(){
		for (int i=0;i<inputTextInt.length;i++)
                    {
			intArray += inputTextInt[i] + ", ";
                    }
		return intArray;
	}
 
	public String encrypt(int shift)
        {
		for (int i=0;i<inputTextInt.length;i++)
                        {
 
			if ((inputTextInt[i]+shift)> 126)
			{
				inputTextInt[i] =((shift-(126-inputTextInt[i]))+31);
			}
 
			else {	inputTextInt[i] += shift;
			}
 
			}
		outputTextChr = new char[inputTextInt.length];
		for (int i=0;i<outputTextChr.length;i++){
			char outputTextChr2 = (char) inputTextInt[i];
			outputTextChr[i] = outputTextChr2;
                        }
		for (int i=0;i<outputTextChr.length;i++){
			cipher += outputTextChr[i];
			}
		return cipher;
	}
 
	public String decrypt(int shift){
		for (int i=0;i<inputTextInt.length;i++)
                {
			if ((inputTextInt[i]-shift)< 32)
			{
				inputTextInt[i] =(127-(shift-(inputTextInt[i]-32)));
			}
 
			else { inputTextInt[i] -= shift; }
			}
		outputTextChr = new char[inputTextInt.length];
		for (int i=0;i<outputTextChr.length;i++){
			char outputTextChr2 = (char) inputTextInt[i];
			outputTextChr[i] = outputTextChr2;
                    }
		for (int i=0;i<outputTextChr.length;i++){
			plain += outputTextChr[i];
			}
		return plain;
	}
 
 
    /** Initializes the applet CaesarCode */
    public void init() {
        try {
            java.awt.EventQueue.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    initComponents();
                }
            });
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    /** This method is called from within the init() method to
     * initialize the form.
     * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is
     * always regenerated by the Form Editor.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">//GEN-BEGIN:initComponents
    private void initComponents() {
 
        jPanel1 = new javax.swing.JPanel();
        jLabel1 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
        jScrollPane1 = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
        jTextArea1 = new javax.swing.JTextArea();
        jComboBox1 = new javax.swing.JComboBox();
        jLabel2 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
        jLabel3 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
        jScrollPane2 = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
        jList1 = new javax.swing.JList();
        jButton1 = new javax.swing.JButton();
        jButton2 = new javax.swing.JButton();
        jButton3 = new javax.swing.JButton();
        jButton4 = new javax.swing.JButton();
        jButton5 = new javax.swing.JButton();
 
        jPanel1.setBackground(new java.awt.Color(102, 204, 255));
        jPanel1.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(new java.awt.Color(102, 255, 255), null));
 
        jLabel1.setText("Input your message in the following box");
 
        jTextArea1.setColumns(20);
        jTextArea1.setLineWrap(true);
        jTextArea1.setRows(5);
        jTextArea1.setWrapStyleWord(true);
        jScrollPane1.setViewportView(jTextArea1);
 
        jComboBox1.setModel(new javax.swing.DefaultComboBoxModel(new String[] { "Encode", "Decode" }));
 
        jLabel2.setText("Select mode");
 
        jLabel3.setHorizontalAlignment(javax.swing.SwingConstants.RIGHT);
        jLabel3.setText("Number of shifts");
 
        jList1.setModel(new javax.swing.AbstractListModel() {
            String[] strings = { "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07", "08", "09", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" };
            public int getSize() { return strings.length; }
            public Object getElementAt(int i) { return strings[i]; }
        });
        jList1.setSelectionMode(javax.swing.ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_SELECTION);
        jList1.setVisibleRowCount(3);
        jScrollPane2.setViewportView(jList1);
 
        jButton1.setText("Run");
        jButton1.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                jButton1ActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });
 
        jButton2.setText("Help?");
        jButton2.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                jButton2ActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });
 
        jButton3.setText("Copy");
        jButton3.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                jButton3ActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });
 
        jButton4.setText("Paste");
        jButton4.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                jButton4ActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });
 
        jButton5.setText("Select All");
        jButton5.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
                jButton5ActionPerformed(evt);
            }
        });
 
        javax.swing.GroupLayout jPanel1Layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(jPanel1);
        jPanel1.setLayout(jPanel1Layout);
        jPanel1Layout.setHorizontalGroup(
            jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addGap(19, 19, 19)
                .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                    .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createSequentialGroup()
                        .addComponent(jButton2)
                        .addGap(57, 57, 57)
                        .addComponent(jScrollPane2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 58, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addGap(29, 29, 29))
                    .addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 348, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, jPanel1Layout.createSequentialGroup()
                        .addComponent(jButton1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 87, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                        .addGap(8, 8, 8))
                    .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createSequentialGroup()
                        .addGap(12, 12, 12)
                        .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING, false)
                            .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createSequentialGroup()
                                .addComponent(jButton3)
                                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                                .addComponent(jButton4)
                                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                                .addComponent(jButton5))
                            .addComponent(jLabel1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 278, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                            .addGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, jPanel1Layout.createSequentialGroup()
                                .addGap(74, 74, 74)
                                .addComponent(jLabel3, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                                .addGap(45, 45, 45)
                                .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                                    .addComponent(jComboBox1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                                    .addComponent(jLabel2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 71, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))))
                        .addGap(58, 58, 58)))
                .addGap(27, 27, 27))
        );
        jPanel1Layout.setVerticalGroup(
            jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addContainerGap()
                .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                    .addComponent(jLabel2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addComponent(jLabel3))
                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                    .addComponent(jButton2)
                    .addComponent(jScrollPane2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addComponent(jComboBox1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                .addGap(16, 16, 16)
                .addComponent(jLabel1)
                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                .addGroup(jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                    .addComponent(jButton3, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addComponent(jButton4, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
                    .addComponent(jButton5, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                .addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 188, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
                .addComponent(jButton1)
                .addContainerGap())
        );
 
        javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
        getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
        layout.setHorizontalGroup(
            layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addComponent(jPanel1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
        );
        layout.setVerticalGroup(
            layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addComponent(jPanel1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
        );
    }// </editor-fold>//GEN-END:initComponents
 
    private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {//GEN-FIRST:event_jButton1ActionPerformed
        // TODO add your handling code here:
          if (jList1.getSelectedIndex() > -1)
             {
		CaesarCode msg = new CaesarCode();
		msg.inputText(jTextArea1.getText());
		msg.convertToChar(); //convert plain text string to char data type
		msg.convertCharToInt(); // convert char to their equivalent integer (decimal number) in the ASCCI table
		//msg.getIntArray(); // show decimal numbers of the inputText
		int shift = 1 + jList1.getSelectedIndex();
			  if (jComboBox1.getSelectedItem() == "Encode")
			  {
                                jTextArea1.setText(msg.encrypt(shift));
                                //  msg.encrypt(shift) = encrypt and output cipher
			  }
			   else
			  {
				jTextArea1.setText(msg.decrypt(shift));
                                  //  msg.encrypt(shift) = decrypt and output cipher
			  }
		}
		else
                {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Please select a number of shifts first!");
		 }
    }//GEN-LAST:event_jButton1ActionPerformed
 
    private void jButton2ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {//GEN-FIRST:event_jButton2ActionPerformed
        // TODO add your handling code here:
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "To encrypt, select the encode mode, the number of shifts and click ‘Run’." + newLine +
                                            "You may encode the same message multiple times." + newLine +
                                            "To Decrypt, select the decode mode and reverse your encryption steps." + newLine + newLine +
                                            "By Haider al-Khateeb (http://blog.creativeitp.com)");
    }//GEN-LAST:event_jButton2ActionPerformed
 
    private void jButton3ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {//GEN-FIRST:event_jButton3ActionPerformed
        // TODO add your handling code here:
        jTextArea1.copy();
    }//GEN-LAST:event_jButton3ActionPerformed
 
    private void jButton4ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {//GEN-FIRST:event_jButton4ActionPerformed
        // TODO add your handling code here:
        jTextArea1.paste();
    }//GEN-LAST:event_jButton4ActionPerformed
 
    private void jButton5ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {//GEN-FIRST:event_jButton5ActionPerformed
        // TODO add your handling code here:
        jTextArea1.selectAll();
    }//GEN-LAST:event_jButton5ActionPerformed
 
 
    // Variables declaration - do not modify//GEN-BEGIN:variables
    private javax.swing.JButton jButton1;
    private javax.swing.JButton jButton2;
    private javax.swing.JButton jButton3;
    private javax.swing.JButton jButton4;
    private javax.swing.JButton jButton5;
    private javax.swing.JComboBox jComboBox1;
    private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel1;
    private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel2;
    private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel3;
    private javax.swing.JList jList1;
    private javax.swing.JPanel jPanel1;
    private javax.swing.JScrollPane jScrollPane1;
    private javax.swing.JScrollPane jScrollPane2;
    private javax.swing.JTextArea jTextArea1;
    // End of variables declaration//GEN-END:variables
 
}